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Australian researchers examined how titanium dioxide as a food additive affected gut microbiota in mice by orally administering it in drinking water. The study, published in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition in 2019, found the treatment could “alter the release of bacterial metabolites in vivo and affect the spatial distribution of commensal bacteria in vitro by promoting biofilm formation. We also found reduced expression of the colonic mucin 2 gene, a key component of the intestinal mucus layer, and increased expression of the beta defensin gene, indicating that titanium dioxide significantly impacts gut homeostasis.” The changes were then linked to colonic inflammation, along with a higher expression of inflammatory cytokines, which are signal proteins that help with regulation. The researchers concluded that titanium dioxide “impairs gut homeostasis which may in turn prime the host for disease development.”

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In the plastic industry, titanium dioxide serves as a crucial ingredient in creating vibrant colors and improving UV resistance. By incorporating TiO2 into their products, manufacturers can produce durable plastics that withstand exposure to sunlight without fading or degrading. This makes titanium dioxide an indispensable component in the production of outdoor furniture, automotive parts, and other items that require weather resistance.

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